Kwintlango etshisayo yase-Arizona, umzi-mveliso we-semiconductor ohamba phambili kwihlabathi jikelele uye wavaleleka ngeentsuku ezintathu{0}}ezingalindelwanga ngenxa yeengxaki zokutsha kwemibhobho, ekhokelele kwilahleko efikelela kumakhulu ezigidi zeedola. Uphando lulandelele ingxaki kumgca wemibhobho ehambisa iasidi ephezulu-ephezulu{3}}ebusulungekileyo be-etching{4}}isixhobo esibonwa "esinokuthenjwa ngokwaneleyo" esiye sagqitha kukusilela phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo. Esi siganeko sisebenze njengokuvusa -, sithumele amaza ngelizwe jikelele{7}}icandelo lemveliso eligqibeleleyo kwaye lizise into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Plastic King"{8}}polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE){9}}kunye nokusika kwayo{10}}iteknoloji yesicelo ukusuka emva kwescene ukuya kwindawo.
Ixesha elide, i-PTFE idlale indima "yegorha elingagungqiyo" kumashishini afana nobunjineli bemichiza kunye nokutywinwa komatshini, ngenxa yokumelana nekhemikhali ye-corrosion, uluhlu olubanzi lokunyamezela ubushushu (-i-200℃ukuya kwi-260℃), kunye ne-coefficient ye-friction ephantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwamashishini anobuchule afana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, iibhetri zamandla amatsha, i-biopharmaceuticals, kunye ne-aerospace, iimfuno zokusebenza kwezixhobo ezibalulekileyo zisondela kwimida yomzimba. Izithintelo zeemveliso ze-PTFE zemveli kwiindawo ezifana ne-ultra-ephezulu{7}}usulelo oluphakathi olusulungekileyo, uzinzo olugqithisileyo lokuhamba ngebhayisikile eshushu, kunye nothintelo longcoliseko lwe-nanoscale luya lubonakala. Imveliso entsha enzulu egxile ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwemathiriyeli ye-PTFE kunye neetekhnoloji ezidibeneyo yenzeka ngokuzolileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuphumelela kweFrontier: Ukusuka "kukunyamezelana" ukuya "kuLawulo oluchanekileyo"
Ukhuphiswano lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji luye lwadlulela ngaphaya kokudityaniswa kwezinto ezilula, kugxilwe endaweni "kulawulo oluchanekileyo" kunye "nokudibanisa okusebenzayo" kwe-microstructure ye-PTFE. Amalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza akutshanje apapashwe zizigebenga zamazwe ngamazwe afana ne-Daikin yase-Japan kunye ne-America's Chemours zidiza ukuba ngeendlela ezifana{1}}ne-situ nanoparticle modification, i-electron beam irradiation cross-ikhonkco, kunye nefilimu eyolula eyodwa{3}}inkqubo yokwenza, icrystallinity, porosity, kunye ne-fibrous structure ye-PTFE inokuba yisizukulwana esitsha se-PTFE. yenziwe ngobuchwephesha.
Umzekelo, i-ultra-yokucoceka okuphezulu{1}}imibhobho ye-PTFE esetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezimanzi ze-semiconductor ngoku ine-ion leaching yesinyithi elawulwa kwiindawo-nge{3}}kwinqanaba letriliyoni (ppt), kunye noburhabaxa bomphezulu obuncitshisiweyo ukuya kwi-nanoscale, isusa ubhengezo lwamasuntswana olunokubangela iziphene ze-wafer. Kummandla weproton exchange membrane fuel cells, iifilimu zomelezwe ngokufutshane -icala{6}}chain perfluorosulfonic acid resin kunye ne-PTFE composites ziye zaphumelela umtsi kwiproton conductivity kunye namandla omatshini ngelixa zigcina uzinzo olubalaseleyo lwekhemikhali, ibe yeyona nto iphambili eqhuba ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell.
Ubunzulu beSicelo: UkuXhobisa amaShishini aSakhasayo ngoBuchule
Le mpumelelo iguqulela ngokukhawuleza kukhuphiswano lwemizi-mveliso. Kwicandelo lamandla amatsha, iibhetri ze-lithium ezinkulu ezifana ne-CATL kunye ne-BYD ziye zamkela ngokubanzi i-PTFE elungiselelwe ngokukodwa i-PTFE -imibhobho enemigca kunye neitanki zokugcina kwiinkqubo zokuzaliswa kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuthutha kwiimodeli zabo ezintsha zebhetri. Oku kunceda ukuxhathisa i-corrosion ebangelwa iityuwa ze-lithium ezintsha kunye nezongezo kwizinto zemveli, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokhuseleko kwimveliso yobuninzi. Inkampani ye-aerospace yaseYurophu i-Airbus ikwafakele imathiriyeli ekhaphukhaphu, emide{4}}yobomi be-PTFE ehlanganisiweyo kwi-hydraulic kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho yepetroli yesizukulwana sayo samva nje senqwelomoya ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zokusingqongileyo kunye nozinzo.
Okuphawuleka ngakumbi kukuqhubela phambili kwintsimi ye-biopharmaceutical. Ukusebenzisa ubunyani bayo bendalo{1}}nobuqhophololo, i-PTFE kudala iyinto ekhethwayo kwizixhobo ezifakelwayo kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa amayeza. Namhlanje, ngokuguqulwa komphezulu we-hydrophilic okanye i-micro - patterning, i-PTFE i-cardiac patches kunye ne-vascular grafts inokukhuthaza ngcono ukudibanisa kweeseli kunye nokukhula, ukuguquka ukusuka "kubukho obungangeni" ukuya "kumthathi-nxaxheba osebenzayo." Kwimveliso yesitofu sokugonya se-mRNA, ii-reactors, imibhobho, kunye neetanki zokugcina ezidibana ngokuthe ngqo nezisombululo ze-mRNA zifakwe ngokupheleleyo nge-ultra-phezulu{6}}yococeko lwe-PTFE, iqinisekisa ukusulungeka ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuzinza kwezithako ezisebenzayo zesitofu sokugonya.
Uveliso loHlaza kunye nemingeni yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo
Nangona kunjalo, uzuko lwe-PTFE luza nemingeni. Imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo enxulumene nezinto eziphambili zekrwada kwinkqubo yayo yokuvelisa, njenge-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) kunye nezinye iindlela zayo, zihlala zigxile kulawulo lwehlabathi. Imithetho engqongqo efana ne-EU's REACH kunye ne-US EPA's controls inyanzelela ishishini kwinguquko eluhlaza. Iinkampani eziphambili zaseTshayina, ezifana neZhejiang Juhua kunye neShandong Dongyue, zandisa utyalo-mali kwi-R&D ye-eco -ienkqubo ze-polymerization ezinobuhlobo kunye nezizukulwana ezitsha zezinye iindlela ezingenabungozi, zizama ukujongana neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kumthombo.
Ngaxeshanye, ubunzima bokuthotywa kwemvelo kweemveliso ze-PTFE zenze ubugcisa bokurisayikilisha bube bulandelayo攻坚点 (umngeni ongundoqo). Amaqela ophando eJamani nase China alinge ngempumelelo ukubuyisela{1}}ubusulungeke be-PTFE umgubo olahliweyo we-PTFE wetywina kunye nemibhobho, ephinda isetyenziselwa izicelo ezingaphantsi kwemfuneko ezifana nemathiriyeli yokuzalisa intambo. Lo mzamo wokuqala wakha indlela evaliweyo -yesicelo "{4}}sexabiso eliphezulu → ukurisayikilishwa okuthotyiweyo."
Ujongo lwexesha elizayo: Amathuba kunye neeNhambo zamaShishini aseTshayina
Imarike yehlabathi yokusebenza okuphezulu - kwe-PTFE kunye neemveliso zayo zikhula ngomyinge wonyaka ongaphezulu kwe-6%, kunye noqikelelo olubonisa ukuba iya kudlula ikhulu lebhiliyoni yeyuan ngo-2028. Okwangoku, i-makethi ephezulu{3}}yesiphelo, ngakumbi kwi-semiconductor{4}ibakala kunye nezonyango{5}}ibakala le-PTFE kwiimveliso ezingaphezulu, zihlala zilawulwa ziinkampani. Nangona kunjalo, amandla amakhulu okutshintsha kunye neemfuno zekhonkco lonikezelo lwasekhaya kumashishini asakhasayo abonisa amathuba embali kumashishini aseTshayina.
Umendo wophuhliso wasekhaya ochasene{0}} nabavelisi bemibhobho yomhlwa, njengabo basebenza kwi-PTFE -ubuchwephesha bombhobho odibeneyo odibeneyo, ubonisa umboniso wophuculo lwemizi-mveliso. Ixabiso labo liphantsi kwenguqu enzulu{3}}ukusuka ekunikeni umhlwa{4}}okumelana "nemveliso yombhobho" ukuya ekunikezeni "{5}}izisombululo zenkqubo yothutho olusulungekileyo oluphezulu" kwizityalo zokwenziwa kwetshiphu kunye nemigca yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium. Olu tshintsho lufuna ukuba amashishini angenzi nzulu nje kuphela ubuchwephesha bawo ekuqulunqeni imathiriyeli kunye neenkqubo zokubumba kodwa kwanokuqonda ngokucokisekileyo iinkqubo zephysicochemical kunye neendlela zokuvelisa iziphene kumashishini asezantsi, ekhuthaza ukusungulwa kwentsebenziswano kunye nabathengi.
Ngamafutshane, i-PTFE iye yavela kwi-"corrosion{0}}iplastiki enganyangekiyo" ukuya kwisiseko esibalulekileyo esichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lokunciphisa{1}}imizi-mveliso. Undoqo wenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji ngoku ukhomba ukusulungeka ngakumbi, uyilo olukrelekrele ngakumbi lolwakhiwo, kunye nolawulo lomjikelo wobomi obuluhlaza. Ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yohlengahlengiso lwesixokelelwano soshishino lwehlabathi kunye nokusukela ukuzithemba kwetekhnoloji-abo banokuzigcina beyintsha kwesi sixhobo sibonakala singokwesithethe kodwa sibalulekile baya kukwazi ukomeleza isiseko esiluqilima kwixesha elizayo{5}}echaza amacandelo afana ne-semiconductors, amandla amatsha, kunye nenzululwazi yobomi. Olu gqatso lungabonakaliyo lugxile kwi "Plastiki King", eneneni, malunga nokwakha ukhuphiswano oluphambili lwamashishini azayo.
