Impembelelo yezinto ezintlanu zentsimbi ye-ductile ekuphoseni

Ukuqulunqwa kwekhemikhali yentsimbi ikakhulu kubandakanya ikharbon, i-silicon, i-manganese, isulfur, phosphorus izinto eziqhelekileyo. Kwezinye iindawo ezifihlayo ezineemfuno ezizodwa zombutho kunye nokusebenza, kubandakanya inani elincinci lezinto. Ukwahluka kwi-iron ye-FORRE YESIFUNDO, ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa kwegrafu, intsimbi ye-ductile kufuneka ibe nexabiso lezibalo zehlabathi.
I-1. Umgaqo wokukhetha ikharbon kunye nekharbon elilinganayo: ikharbon yeyona nto isisiseko ye-gucile, kunye nekhabhoni ephezulu intlekele. Kuba ifuthe legrafiki kwiipropathi zoomatshini incitshisiwe ibe kwinqanaba eliphantsi, umxholo wekhabhoni yentsimbi uphuphume, phakathi kwe-3.7%, kunye ne-4.7% kunye ne-4.7% kunye ne-4.7%. Thatha umda ongaphezulu wodonga olucekeceke, intsalela enkulu yezinto ze-Globtst okanye indawo engonelanga; Thatha umda ongezantsi. Ukukhetha i-carbon elingalinganiyo kufutshane nendawo ye-cocyrystal akunakuyiphucula i-FAIDIIty yentsimbi, kodwa ukwanda kwentsimbi ye-ductile, kodwa kukuphucula ubuchule bokuzingca kunye nokuphuculwa kwentsimbi ye-gegrafic. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu unokubangela igrafu ukuba idada. Ke ngoko, umda ongaphezulu wekharbon olinganayo kwi-gucile iron usekwe kumgaqo weforati.
2, isiseko sokukhetha isilicon: i-silicon yinto eqinileyo ye-greyit. Kwintsimbi yentsimbi, i-silicon ayinakho ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo utyekelo olumhlophe kwaye lonyuse inani le-ferrite, kodwa linefuthe lokucoca iqela le-cocrystal kunye nokuphucula inqanaba le-graphystal. Nangona kunjalo, i-silicon iphucula ubushushu beTransttletletletletletletletlet ye-BREALT (Umzobo 1) Ukunciphisa ubunzima bempembelelo, ngoko ke umxholo weSilicon akufuneki ukuba uphakame kakhulu, ngakumbi xa umxholo we-manganese kunye ne-phosphorus kwi-Iron ye-Fine iphezulu, kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukulawula ngokungqongqo kumxholo wesilicon. Isixa se-silicon yokugqibela kwi-ductile intsimbi ngokubanzi 1.4- -3.0%. Emva kokukhetha ikharbon elinganayo, umgaqo wekhabhoni ephezulu kunye noPhuculo lweSilicon wamkelwa ngokubanzi. Umda osezantsi we-silicon usekwe kumgaqo-siseko ngaphandle komzimba we-carbricurriber sasimahla.
I-3. Umgaqo wokukhetha i-manganese: Kuba umxholo we-sulfure kwi-guccile yentsimbi ibonakaliswa kakhulu entlungwini ye-ductile, indima ye-ductile kwi-ductile ikhutshelwe (fe, mn) 3c. Ezi ze-carbide zikhule phantsi kumda wengqolowa kwaye inempembelelo enkulu kubunzima bentsimbi ye-ductile. I-Manganese iya kwandisa amaqondo obushushu e-britetle yentsimbi ye-Ferrita ye-Ferrita, enyuka nge-0.1% nge-10 ukuya kwi-12. Ke ngoko, umxholo we-manganese kwintsimbi ye-duccile iphantsi ngokubanzi, nokuba i-dunar yomzimba womzimba, umxholo we-manganese akufuneki ungadlula kwi-0.4 ~ 0.6%. Kuphela yintsimbi ephakathi ye-iron ophakathi kwaye ifake i-ferite yenjongo yokuphucula ukuxhathisa.
4. Umgaqo wokukhetha i-phosphorus: phosphorus yinto eyenzakalisayo. Inamandla asezantsi kakhulu kwi-iron yentsimbi, xa umxholo wayo ungaphantsi kwe-0.05%, inyibilikisi eqinileyo kwimatrix, enefuthe elincinci kwiipropathi zoomatshini. Xa umxholo ungaphezulu kwe-0.05%, i-phosphorus kulula ukwahlula umda weqela eliqhelekileyo lekristali, ukwenza i-binary, i-phory, irnary okanye eyinxalenye ye-phossirus comitha, kunye nokunciphisa ubunzima bentsimbi. I-phosphorus yonyusa amaqondo obushushu e-Brittle ye-BREAT ye-iron, ukwandisa umxholo we-phosphorus nge-4 ukuya kwi-4,5 degree. Ke ngoko, ezantsi komxholo we-phosphorus kwi-ductile yentsimbi, engcono, ngokubanzi kufuneka ingaphantsi kwe-0.08%. Kwimfundiso ebaluleke ngakumbi, umxholo we-phosphorus kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-0.05%.
I-5, isiseko sokukhetha i-Sulfure: I-Sulfur luhlobo lwezinto ezichasene nebala lemihlalo, inomzekeliso oqinileyo wezinto ezifana ne-magnesium, umhlaba onqabileyo, udliwa le-sulfure